Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Neurohormonal diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disorder caused by partial or total vasopressin deficiency which results in diluted urine characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. In 30–50% of the cases the cause of the disease is unknown; it is the so-called idiopathic diabetes insipidus. Other causes include: tumors of the CNS most commonly craniopharyngioma, pituitary macroadenomas, central nervous system trauma, inflammatory state of hypothalamus or pitu...

Introduction: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is one of the most important inhibitory co-receptors. Studies show that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway regulates the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance and protects tissues from autoimmune attack in physiological conditions. Several studies have shown association of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway with several autoimmune diseases although, to date, no such studies have been performed for Graves’ disease (GD).Aims: T...